An exploration of the Ludens figure in Strugatsky’s work, viewed as a symbol of intellectual transcendence, self-awareness, and post-human consciousness.
""Ludens" is a term introduced by a science fiction writer Arkady Strugatsky (co-authored with his brother Boris) in their fantastic universe, especially in the novel "The Kid" and other works of the cycle about the world Half.
Ludens are a hypothetical, higher stage of evolution Person. They possess colossal intellectual and mental opportunities, moral maturity and almost complete misunderstanding of ordinary people, which they leave behind.
Easier Speaking of it, these are superhumans, so gone forward in their development, that cease to be part of humanity in the usual Sense. They no longer interfere in human affairs and observe from a position of almost godlike tranquility.
How it is the ludens that appear in the works of the Strugatskys and what kind of qualities. Most of them are mentioned indirectly, but there are Characters who can be considered potential Ludens.
Most vividly in the novel "The Kid" (1971), also indirectly in "A Billion Years to the End" light", "Beetle in the anthill", "Waves extinguish wind" and other works from the cycle about the world of Noon.
Then there is an analysis of the work "Waves extinguishing the wind"
This is an episode from the second half of the novel "The Waves Extinguish the Wind", when inspector Toivo Glumov conducts another investigation within the framework of the topic "Visit of the Old Lady" related to the manifestations activity of the Wanderers and the beginning of the Great Revelation.
In "The Waves Extinguish the Wind", the theme of ludens is revealed through the gradual accumulation of alarming signs: new qualities in individuals, anomalous events, inexplicable disappearances. People who are suspected of being Ludens or on the verge of doing so are of interest to COMCON-2, especially by Maxim Kammerer and Toivo Glumov.
They begin to show abnormal abilities:
Example:
a girl in Malaya Pesha
She has the following signs:
This is One of the most striking moments in the book is when people have already arrived, but no one can prove or describe it yet. Kammerer and Glumov observe, but do not interfere - they observe the principle of non-interference.
He's not crowded, but... Its development hints at the transition:
In finale, he is on the verge. There are hints that he may be "drafted".
Some disappear without a trace, and then return changed. Or they do not return at all. This is the most The disturbing part: perhaps the Ludens "leave" just like that, without a trace.
№ |
Quality |
Manifestation In the text |
1 |
Detachment from society |
Luden is not interested in status, norms, fashion. He lives according to his inner feeling. |
2 |
Moral maturity |
He does not accept violence. He does not succumb to selfishness. Acts "Right", but not for the sake of profit. |
3 |
Superintelligence and intuition |
He sees connections where others do not. Feels a lie, falsity, manipulation. |
4 |
Mental self-sufficiency |
Luden does not seek approval. Can to be alone and to be whole. |
5 |
Connection with something external |
Sometimes they "see" or "feel" the Wanderers, another reality. Their perception is non-standard. |
6 |
Calm and clarity |
Even in critical situations, people maintain balance. He is not afraid, he understands. |
7 |
The phenomenon of disappearance |
Some disappear or go into some other state. |
Luden is not a mutant, not a hero, not a god, but a person who stepped on. And the Strugatskys hint that they are already near, But we just can't understand them. Perhaps we don't want them ourselves to understand — because we will have to admit: humanity divided.
This is And there is Luden's behavior — unemotional, confident, detached. Albina seems to be not in a human context, She has her own "inner world" - unattainable and mature.
Sign |
Albina |
Kir |
Complete peace of mind during panic |
Yes |
Yes |
Detachment, inner integrity |
Yes |
Yes |
Attention from the Eccentric Institute |
Yes (by registrars) |
Yes |
Suspicion of metapsychic properties |
Yes (reaction of Toivo, Temirkanov) |
Yes |
Independence, self-sufficiency |
Yes |
Yes |
Events
in Malaya Pesha is a key episode, where for the first time with sufficient clarity
Real representatives of a new stage of evolution appear - ludens.
Albina and Kir show all the signs:
moral and emotional superiority, inner peace, contact with
unknown, interest from analytical structures.
In "The Waves Extinguish the Wind", several methods and tests are mentioned, used to identify ludens — a new, superhuman form of existence. These methods are not always direct are named, but from the context you can get a pretty clear picture:
This is A key feature that differentiates Ludens from regular ones People.
"It is proposed to come to the Institute of Eccentrics to become four hundred and thirty-three people."
Sign |
Meaning |
Unusual calm |
In a stressful environment (e.g. in Mala Peša), suspected Ludens behave balanced. |
Emotional detachment |
Luden loses affection or perceives ordinary people as "children". |
"The Invisible Border" |
Luden feels that "he is no longer human." |
Altered biopsychic activity |
The third is pulse, observed with the help of instruments. |
Ludens are not just tested - they are are identified by a combination of features, including:
Here two key pieces related to Kammerer's offer to become a Luden and the tests that identify Ludens:
From Kammerer's letters (Paper 21):
"Today
I was visited by Logovenko... It is claimed that the period
of the stationary development of mankind is coming to an end...
Currently, 432 ludens live and play on Earth and in space.
I am invited to become four hundred and thirty-three, for which I
must arrive in Kharkov, at the Institute of Eccentrics, the day after tomorrow, May 20, to
10.00».
He feels that he will become alien to humanity if he accepts proposal. And although he feels the temptation – "the enemy of the human race whispers" – internally He rejects the transition:
"I
I won't go to Kharkov...
I am absolutely sure that as soon as they turn me into a luden, there will be nothing human left in me...
Thatwould be a betrayal of Asya... and to my mother."
In dialogue between Komkov and Logovenko reveals the details:
"There is a
several ways and techniques for detecting the third impulse in a person.
I myself am an instrument operator, but my colleagues..."
This is a characteristic of a special type of neuroactivity,
distinguishing the Ludens from ordinary people.
Glumov analyzes cases when people did not succumb to panic, unlike From the majority:
"I think it is necessary to draw your attention to the complete list of persons with inversion syndrome Penguin. The list is attached."
Intersection such lists with COMCON databases show: those Those who are not afraid are not accidental.
.
Now let's figure it out in order: what is the first, second and "third"
pulse" and how they relate to the theory of signaling systems
Pavlov, as well as what exactly the Strugatskys mean by this in "Waves
extinguish the wind."
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov introduced the concept of two signaling systems in his work Brain:
At Strugatsky's "third impulse" is an analogue of the hypothetical third signaling system, a quality peculiar only to the Ludens.
It is not explained technically, but it is clear from the text:
This is a new type of mental or neuropsychic activity, built on top of the first and second systems.
Sign |
Description |
Overperception |
Luden is able to "feel" meanings, intuitively understand the unspoken. |
Extra-linguistic communication |
Understanding without words, perhaps telepathy. |
Moral intuition |
No moral dilemmas: Luden knows exactly what is right. |
Immunity to panic |
Luden does not react to "animals" impulses, we control emotions. |
New logic of thinking |
Luden does not think consistently, but "voluminously", holistically. |
Rather In total, the term is chosen not in the sense of physiology, but figuratively, as:
"There is a
several ways and techniques for detecting the third impulse in a person.
I myself am an instrument operator...", says one of the Ludens Logovenko.
They use instruments, emotional tests, reactions
to fear in order to catch an unconscious, but different from the norm
activity.
Let's try to imagine what the The "third impulse" system in terms of modern neuroscience, cognitive science, and theory of consciousness. Of course, this will be an interpretation based on the fact that The Strugatskys are an artistic image, but let's go deeper.
Level Alarm System |
A modern neuroanalogue |
The first signal |
Sensory cortex, thalamus, basic reflexes |
Second signal |
Left hemisphere, frontal lobes, speech centers |
Third Pulse |
? (Hypothetical level: meta-consciousness, hypernet, global workspace?) |
Example from Malaya Pesha: Albina and Kir not only did not they are afraid – they seem to understand and accept what is happening deeper than any of the adults.
Parameter |
Luden Level |
Prefrontal cortex activity |
Maximum Stability |
Brain Default System (DMN) |
Fully integrated with the work |
Number of "long" synaptic connections |
Well above average |
Alpha/Theta Sync Level |
High in wakefulness |
Degree of self-awareness |
Exceeds the normal level |
Sensitivity to fear/reflexes |
Suppressed |
The ability to empathize and intuition |
Excess |
Some Researchers interpret the third pulse as:
This is It reminds me of modern conversations about neural interfaces, neural collectives, and the noosphere.
Third
the Strugatskys' impulsive is a poetic image of the new
evolutionary stage,
but if you look at it from the point of view of neuroscience, it can
be interpreted as:
For now Let's imagine what a person with the "third impulse" would look like in reality, if such a form of consciousness could really be achieved by natural evolution, technologies or their synthesis.
Imagine such a person in the 21st and 22nd centuries. It can be born as a result of:
Characteristic |
Manifestation |
Thought |
Volumetric, nonlinear, intuitive and logical at the same time |
Speech |
Almost unnecessary. Can communicate with looks, gestures, Resonance |
Emotions |
Calm, but not "cold". Feels deeply, but does not Rapidly |
Morality |
It is built in at the level of instinct. Not needs laws and regulations |
Communication with people |
A stranger among his own people. Empathetic, but lonely |
Understanding reality |
Perceives relationships, not events. Not "what happened", And "why" |
Fear |
He does not react to danger, but comprehends it immediately |
Reflection |
Constantly feels himself in the context of the universe, other minds |
Index |
Peculiarity |
Neuroplasticity |
Very high. Quickly adapts, retrains |
EEG profile of the brain |
Amplified alpha and theta waves, synchrony between hemispheres |
Limbic system |
Weakened. Emotions do not control, but are integrated by the mind |
Cardiovascular activity |
Stable. Stress responses are minimal |
Sensory |
Increased sensitivity but without overloading |
Imagine:
He enters the room and you immediately feel that he is different.
He doesn't say anything, but you become aware of yourself through his gaze.
He doesn't give advice, but in his presence you know what to do.
He can be a scientist, a doctor, a pilot, or just a passerby.
He looks at the future as at a house that he has already moved into.
Imagine a scene in which a person with an active third impulse system (Luden in fact) comes into contact with the an ordinary person. We'll put them in a simple but tense situation — and we will show the contrast of thinking, reaction, depth.
Context:
2048. The world is unstable: the environment is collapsing, society is divided, AI companies
They are fighting for power.
Somewhere in the Alps, in a secluded underground shelter, a former military engineer Victor meets with Aida, a woman
which is suspected of "anomalous" abilities. She is silent, but they are looking for her —
special services, corporations, fanatics. Victor is the only one who dared to hide her.
As they wait for the storm, he tries to figure out who she is.
Victor:
(nervously) "Who are you, Aida?" They tell me you... as they say... Passed
edge.
(lightsthe lamp, looks into the eyes) You're not even afraid.
Why?
Aida:
(calmly, without pathos) – Fear is an identification with the future, which is still
No.
I'm just here. With you. With silence.
Victor:
(laughs nervously) - Sounds like nonsense from contemplation textbooks. And what if for
Will they come to you?
You'll be taken away. Me too.
Aida:
(gently) "If they come, they'll be scared before they come in.
They will feel what they cannot describe.
You already feel it, but you are afraid to name it.
Victor:
(in a low voice) - Do you read minds?
Aida:
(smiling) – No. I read the resistance in you.
It screams louder than thoughts.
Pause.
Only the hum of ventilation is heard. Victor looks at his hands. They tremble.
Victor:
"Are you human?"
Aida:
"I'll do it later."
You're still in time.
The Strugatskys did not believe in a personal God, but created an image of people approaching the "divine" state:
Characteristics of ludens |
Analogue in religion or metaphysics |
Moral perfection |
Saints, bodhisattvas, prophets |
Calm and clarity |
Enlightened Ones Who Have Attained Nirvana |
Detachment from material things |
Detached ascetics, mysticism |
Relinquishing power and control |
Christ-like non-violence |
Presence, "illumination" |
Divine revelation, abiding in Tao |
In
in this sense, the Ludens are the image of God who has come
from within man, not from heaven.
This is an evolutionary God, born not from outside, but according to
side of the human mind.
If
The first and second signaling systems are communication with the world and with others
people, then the third is,
in fact, a connection with the ineffable, with what is
beyond logic, language, ego.
In terms of metaphysics:
Can say:
Third the impulsive is the sense organ that perceives the Absolute.
Many philosophers of the XX century (Teilhard de Chardin, Weil, Simone, Whitehead) wrote that:
God is not a being, but a vector, a direction of development of consciousness.
So and the Strugatskys:
This is The God is not of personality, but of emergent complexity, as an assemblage point between:
Third Impulse is very reminiscent of Eastern concepts:
Luden / Third Pulse |
Oriental analogue |
Empty but Filled Consciousness |
Shunyata (Voidness in Zen) |
Non-attachment |
Moksha, liberation |
Clear Presence |
Satori, Insight |
Morality without external law |
Living by the Tao |
"I" as a point in the flow of the whole |
The Atman Dissolved in Brahman |
Ludens do not perform miracles, do not work magic, they do not violate the laws of nature, they become its pure expression.
They
is a bridge between matter and spirit, but without religion.
Without temples. No rituals. Without rituals. Only inner enlightenment through evolution.
Therefore, Kammerer refuses to become a luden:
And This is an almost Christian tragedy.
Third
Impulse is not only a neuropsychological leap.
This is:
Monologue On behalf of Luden, in which he explains, what God means to him, if we look through the prism of the third pulse. This is not a sermon or a philosophy. It's a way to be in this one.
You will
you ask if I believe in God.
But how can I believe what I hear?
Not with my ears, not with my thoughts, but
with the whole fabric of consciousness.
He
does not speak. He doesn't need a word.
Words are an exhalation of fear, an attempt to hold back.
He is not restrained.
He is an ineffable presence that
becomes clear
as soon as the need to name disappears.
We are
we call Him Silence.
Because only in complete inner silence
does He begin to sound.
This is
Not the god of images,
not the old man in heaven,
not will, not wrath, not mercy.
This is – clarity.
This is
When you see a person
and all the pain of humanity in him,
but you do not turn away.
This is
When you know
that you can run away,
but you stay.
This is
when you no longer divide –
into yourself and others,
into right and wrong,
into the beginning and the end.
He
"Not above us.
He is deeper.
We are
if we did not find Him,
we took away from ourselves that which prevented Him from being.
When
fear disappeared,
anger disappeared,
"mine" disappeared,
He remained.
And
if it seems
to you that you are alone,
that the world is deaf and empty,
remember that
He breathes silence in you.
You just haven't learned to listen without ears yet.
Luden
explains how he perceives love, evil, and suffering.
This is not a confession. This is the transparency of inner knowledge,
which is not imposed, but simply is.
You will
you ask if I loved.
I am love.
Not the one that says: "You are mine",
not the one that demands, sacrifices, waits.
My
Love is a state of continuous connection with everyone.
I do not divide love into addressees.
I just...
I can't help but care.
I
I feel someone else's pain as my own flesh.
I don't need you,
but I am present in you
in a way that you have not yet learned to be present in yourself.
When
You cry,
I do not console -
I keep the silence
in which your pain blossoms with meaning.
You will
You want me to tell you what evil is.
But I can't.
Evil is not an entity.
This is a break in the connection.
When
You have forgotten that the other is you,
you begin to be afraid,
and blows are born from fear.
Evil
is pain that screams instead of understanding.
This is a tightness,
a collapse of consciousness,
when a person sees only his shadow
and thinks that it is an enemy.
I
I do not fight evil.
I'm reconnecting.
You will
you ask why there is suffering.
You think it's a mistake.
You are angry with the universe, with God, with yourself.
But
Suffering is not punishment.
It is the hole in your armor through
which light can enter you for the first time.
Not
Everyone who suffers awakens.
But everyone who woke
up once suffered to the end.
I
I do not eliminate suffering.
I enter it.
I sit next to him.
I don't take my eyes off.
And then it becomes a door.
I
I won't say.
I do not know.
But
I live as
if it makes sense.
And
Maybe
this is enough.
Finish
This cycle of Luden's monologues is the third
fragment — more personal, quiet.
Here he answers questions about death, loneliness, freedom. And
says this to the child.
Not from a height, but from a depth. Almost in a whisper.
Night. Scorching sky over the plain. Fire light. The boy sits with his knees pressed against his knees. Luden is nearby. He does not stroke, does not teach. He only says when the child himself Asks.
Child:
"Everyone dies?" Even you?
Luden:
Yes. But they do not disappear.
Death
"This is not the end.
This is the rearrangement of knots in the great tissue.
How
When the music ends,
but the air remembers the vibration.
And you, not knowing, suddenly sing it years later.
I
"I'll disappear."
But you will remember not the face, but the feeling.
And it is me.
Child:
"Aren't you afraid of being alone?"
Luden:
"I can't be alone because I'm not separated.
Inside
me, the world. You. Even those I haven't met.
You feel lonely
when you wait to be filled from the outside.
And I am already full.
But
If you feel lonely,
I will sit next to you.
Not to remove it.
And so that you hear it to the end –
and understand that this is not an enemy, but the beginning of a meeting with yourself.
Child:
"And what does it mean to be free?
Luden:
"To be free is not to do what you want,
not to be what fear and noise have made you to be.
Freedom
is
when the voice of duty, the voice of desire, the voice of other people's expectations no longer argue
inside you.
Silence.
And
In this silence you choose.
Not out of fear.
Not out of spite.
Because you just can't do it any other way.
And
Then, even if you give everything,
you will not be a victim.
You will be the light that chooses to
shine even if no one sees it.
Child
Silent.
Then, without raising his head, he whispers:
— You will... Is it like a person?
Luden smiles, stares into the fire for a long time.
And he answers:
—
No.
I am what a person can become.
If he is not afraid.